A pinhole camera is a device that takes pictures through a tiny hole, the pinhole. It projects light onto a photosensitive surface in the camera. The pinhole is different from lenses it doesn't focus on light but allows the light to form the image using the light rays.
The concept dates back to ancient times with mention in Aristotle's writings. It was during the renaissance that developments on it were made. Leonardo da Vinci described the idea of the pinhole in in the 15th century but it wasn't till the 19th century that it was properly recognized as a camera.
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